The first transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories on December 16, 1947 by William 

Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. It later made possible the integrated circuit and 

microprocessor that are the basis of modern electronics. Prior to the transistor the only 

alternative to its current regulation and switching functions (TRANSfer resISTOR) was the 

vacuum tube, which could only be miniaturized to a certain extent, and wasted a lot of 

energy in the form of heat. 

Although video was possible with vacuum tube equipment, as was the case with the Ampex

VRX-1000, without the transistor video products would never have gotten very small.

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